Select from these educational resources to teach middle school students more about physical boundaries. Oh no! Total Cards. The League laid groundwork for maritime boundaries that helped decades later II. The contiguous zone is next to the territorial sea where the U.S. can prevent infringement of law within the territorial sea. Def: Any position advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity or prior historical possession, actual or alleged. Concepts of Political Power and Territoriality Geopolitics is the study of the effects of geography … Political Geography. Political geography is the study of how humans have divided up the surface of the Earth for purposes of management and control. area extending up to 12 nautical miles from coast in which a state has sovereignty (including exclusive fishing rights.) Buffer zones are as much the causes as the results of human affairs. a boundary that follows a country's coastline 12 miles into the ocean. Religious diversity and conflict. Completed in 1914, the 50-mile long Panama Canal links the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, reducing the length of the journey between the east and west coasts of the United States by 8000 nautical miles. More difficult for people in remote areas to integrate with rest of the state. A powerful external threat AP Human Geography Vocabulary Apartheid: a legal system that was the physical separation of different races into different geographic areas My definition: separation of people in South Africa based on race Example: There were apartheid laws in South Africa between around 1950 to 1994. The evolution of boundaries 1. What are some examples of a religious boundary? AP Human Geography Chapter 8. Maritime Boundaries a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography Median Lines However, some boundaries are created by demilitarized zones or policy, such as the Berlin Conference. The forms of governance on international, national, regional, and local scales are products of both the human and physical landscapes. Obviously, having access to major ports is important. The existence of different language regions. In international law: Maritime spaces and boundaries A contiguous zone—which must be claimed and, unlike territorial seas, does not exist automatically—allows coastal states to exercise the control necessary to prevent and punish infringements of customs, sanitary, fiscal, and immigration regulations within and beyond its territory or territorial sea. physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory. Freeman & Co. – Chapter 6 • An Introduction to Human Geography by Pearson – Chapter 8 • Human Geography: People, Place, and Culture by Wiley Press – Chapter 8 This GIS map has been cross-referenced to material in sections of chapters from these texts. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. Northern Ireland is mostly Protestant and Republic of Ireland is mostly Catholic, Israel/Palestine, Pakistan has a large Muslim population and India has a large Hindu population. Maritime boundaries with adjacent and opposite countries are established through agreement and treaties with these neighboring nations. Up until the mid-20th century, the basis for international laws of the sea was a book called The Freedom of the Seas, written by Dutch philosopher and juror Hugo Grotius. Can encourage national integration when Core country: A country that is well- developed with a strong economic base. a military alliance among 16 democratic states including the United States and Canada, plus 14 European states [Belgium, Denmark, West Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Turkey and the United Kingdom. Home » AP Human Geography » Outlines » Human Geography: Culture, Society and Space, 8th Edition Textbook. The state needs land to grow such as an organism needs nutrition to grow. a sovereign state that comprises a town and the surrounding countryside, attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political, economic, and cultural principles in another territory, a territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent, an alliance made up of states that had been the Soviet Socialist Republics in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in 1991, a state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly; usually shaped circular [Examples: Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Kenya], boundaries between states that coincide with differences in ethnicity, especially language and religion; another cultural boundary is drawn according to geometry, the action of changing from colonial to independent status, the passing of authority [especially from a central government to a regional government], a state with a long, narrow shape [Examples: Chile, Italy, Malawi, Gambia], a territory whose geographical boundaries lie entirely within the boundaries of another territory [Example: Lesotho], Western Europe's most important economic organization; the main task is to promote development within the member states through economic cooperation, is a territory legally or politically attached to another territory with which it is not politically contiguous [Example: Liberty Island], a sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources; stretches from the seaward edge of the state's territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from its coast, an internal organization of that state that allocates most powers to units of local governments [Examples: United States, India, Brazil, Canada], a state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory [Examples: Indonesia, India, Alaska, Russia], a zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control [Antarctica, Saudi Arabia], straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences [Example: United States/Canada border], relating to the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of states, Hypothesis proposed by Halford Mckinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world, refers to the area of the sea beyond the national jurisdiction of any state, control of territory already occupied and organized by an indigenous society, an organization with an international membership, scope or presence, a state that does not have a direct outlet to the sea, a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography. a state that completely surrounded by another state [Example: South Africa]. It established that each country could customarily lay claim to ocean up to three miles off their coast. Panama Canal . major physical features that serve as a means of separation, boundary that has been forced upon the inhabitants f an area to solve a problem and/or conflict, straight lines that serve as political boundaries that are unrelated to physical and/or cultural differences, a political boundary that separates different cultures, boundary that operates different speakers, boundary that separates different religions, a boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape, physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory, a boundary that follows a country's coastline 12 miles into the ocean. What this approach underestimated was the role of human action in the creation and the survival of a buffer zone. What are some examples of a superimposed boundary? a geographical feature on land such as a valley, defile or a bridge, or at sea such as a straight which an armed force is forced to pass, therefore greatly decreasing its combat, in order to reach its objective. What is an example of a geometric boundary? Rugged topography. Changing the Map. It looks like your browser needs an update. Some images used in this set are licensed under the Creative Commons through Flickr.com.Click to see the original works with their full license. It literally connotes a location where the flow could be choked off. the Great Wall of China, the US/Mexico border, the Berlin Wall. state’s boundaries must be well defined for the modern state to function.3 In many cases, however, these boundaries are subject to competing international territorial claims.4 Such claims can be generally divided into nine categories: treaties, geography, economy, culture, effective control, history, uti possidetis,5 elitism, and ideology.6 An exclusive economic zone (EEZ), as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind. It stretches from the baseline out to 200 nautical miles (nmi) from the coast of the state in question. boundaries that are made by important physical features on Earth's surface; can include mountains, deserts and water. exclusive economic zone (extending 200 nautical miles from baseline, plus boundaries with adjacent countries). The rest of the world's oceans could not be laid claim to by any nation and thus most of the world's maritime resources were essentially open to all. Indonesia/Papua New Guinea, many African countries by European colonists. Definition of a ‘boundary’ –Vertical plane that cuts through the subsoil and the airspace above, divided one state territory from another Therefore, we aren’t just talking about the signs we see that separate states; we are talking about airspace, water, minerals, resources, etc. North/South Vietnam, East and West Berlin/Germany. Chapter 16 - Multinationalism on the Map. A recognized right to control a territory both politically and militarily Under international law states are sovereign. Multi-national state. area in which resources found up to 200 nautical miles offshore belong exclusively to … Geopolitics: The study of the interplay between international political relations and the territories in which they occur. fortified boundary. Political geography: A branch of geography that studies geographical influences on political systems and power relationships. What are some examples of a fortified boundary? What are examples of a cultural/ethnic or consequent boundary? What are some examples of a relict boundary? Definition 2. Definition. boundaries, and the morphology of political units. • The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography by W.H. Maritime Boundaries. : 60 Enclave is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. Subject. 2 types: those separated by water, and those separated by other countries. An enclave is a territory (or a part of one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state. For more information about these treaties, visit the Department of State information page on maritime boundaries. A) Define and give an example for the following types of boundaries: subsequent, antecedent, and relict. The vocabulary list is structured according to the course outline found in the most recent AP® Human Geography Course Description published by the College Board. Russia is a good example of a. Nation-state. Antarctica: The only large landmass, in the world, that is not part of a sovereign state. Semiautonomous definition is - largely self-governing within a larger political or organizational entity. a boundary that was created before the present day cultural landscaped developed, an indivisible line marking the extent of a state's territory, the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body, an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. Contain several discontinuous pieces of territory. the green line in Cyprus because it separates the Turkish and Greeks, Yugoslavia, the Murdock Ethnic Map of Africa. A CHOKE POINT IS ANY narrow passage that restricts traffic. Stateless nation. About 12,000 ships pass through the Central American canal each year. Multi-state nation. What are some examples of a language boundary? AP Human Geography Ch. Looking beyond the patterns on political maps helps us to understand the spatial outcomes of political processes and how political processes are themselves affected by spatial features. As a result, wars have been fought across history simply with the goal of getting to the ocean. The United States retains control of the 10-mile wide Canal Zone until the year 2000 when the canal is … Term Definition ... treaty definition of the boundary itself; ... Rimland is the maritime fringe of a country or continent. What are some examples of a physical boundary? Shapes of States . AP Human Geography . Unit 4 TestAP Human Geography. 4. Geography. FRQ 2 Boundaries have evolved over time in numerous ways around the world. Created. Periphery country: A less-developed, economically poor country. a state that encompasses a very small land area, contains two ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities, a politically organized body of people under a single government, a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. European countries such as England, France, Spain, and Portugal; the border between Romance and Germanic languages that runs trough Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Italy. a boundary that ceases to exist, however the imprint of the boundary still remains on the cultural landscape. 8 Political Geography questionAnnexation answerlegally adding land area to a city ... phase in which the definition of boundary is marked on an official ... United Nations Convention On the Law of the Sea- a code of maritime law approved by … Interfaith boundaries- the boundaries between the world's major faiths, such as Christianity, Muslim, ... especially a region that is important to a country or to a culture. • Land and maritime boundaries and international agreements can influence national or regional identity and encourage or discourage international or internal interactions and disputes over resources. an otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension [Examples: Congo, Afghanistan], boundaries between states that coincide with religious differences [Examples: India/Pakistan, Northern Ireland], a land or region at the periphery of the heartland, the concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves, an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs, boundaries that are created as a result of long time processes, boundaries that has been forced upon the inhabitants of an area to solve an issue/conflict, a world or regional organization that is not tied to any one sovereign country [Example: World Bank], a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles from the baseline of a coastal state, the calculated use of violence (or the threat of violence) against civilians in order to attain goals that are political or religious or ideological in nature; this is done through intimidation or coercion or instilling fear, an internal organization of a state that places most power in the hands of central government officials, international organization created at the end of WWII to help maintain international peace, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas, defines the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans, establishing guidelines for businesses, the environment, and the management of marine natural resources, a military agreement among Communist Eastern European countries to defend each other in case of attack [Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania]; designed to maintain a bipolar balance of power in Europe. 55. A physical boundary is a naturally occurring barrier between two or more areas. Special rules for determining the baseline apply in a variety of circumstances, such as with bays, ports, mouths of rivers, deeply indented coastlines, fringing reefs, and roadsteads. the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Europe, the Rio Grande River between the Mexico and the U.S., the Sahara Desert. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of Earth. Ex: Fragmented States . 9th Grade. Physical boundaries include oceans, cliffs, or valleys. It is comparing a state to a living organism. Delimitation 3. • Political boundaries often coincide with cultural, national, or economic divisions. It also initiated the first international negotiations on maritime boundaries and related aspects of the law of the sea. Political spaces exist at multiple scales, from a kid’s bedroom to the entire planet. Description. maritime boundary. Consistent with these rules, the U.S. baselines are the mean of the lower low tides as depicted on th… an approach to dividing and creating boundaries at the mid-point between two places. Makes communication difficult. France Spain were members but did not contribute troops]; designed to maintain a bipolar balance of power in Europe. Level. Generally speaking, the normal baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. This often occurs when combining two or more specific boundaries to create a larger state. Sovereignty. To ensure the best experience, please update your browser. an agreement signed by the governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. Definition; Annexation: To incorporate (territory) into an existing political unit such as a country, state, county, or city. the areas of the sea that are not under the jurisdiction of any country. Since it was thought that physical space conditioned human affairs, the use of physical separation seemed the most appropriate means to preempt conflict situations. B) Using one specific example for both Africa and Southwest Asia (total of two), describe in detail how superimposed boundaries have contributed to political unrest and confrontation. Demarcation 4. The territorial sea is the United States’s sovereign maritime zone. A good example of a centripetal force in political geography is. Perforated state. At each location, somebody or some group seeks to establish the rules governing what happens in that space, h… Rimland is the maritime fringe of a country or continent. As a military term, it refers to areas in lines of sea, ground, air or space communications (physical travel) that restrict freedom of movement by slowing and confining.